Astronaut successfully sequences DNA in space

DNA has been sequenced in space for the first time ever.

Carrying out DNA sequencing in space could protect astronauts’ health on long duration missions and identify DNA-based life forms found outside of Earth. It opens up a wide range of science and medical possibilities, with some scientists calling this moment a game changer.

As part of the Biomolecule Sequencer experiment, astronaut Kate Rubins, who has a background in molecular biology, carried out the test on the International Space Station while researchers sequenced identical samples on Earth. Her first words after the first molecules were sequenced were, “Welcome to systems biology in space.”

Sarah Castro-Wallace, project manager and NASA microbiologist, said: “A next step is to test the entire process in space, including sample preparation as well as performing the sequencing. Onboard sequencing makes it possible for the crew to know what is in their environment at any time.”

Rubins used a MinION a DNA sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. It works by sending a positive current through nanopores embedded in membranes in the device. Simultaneously, fluid with a DNA sample passes through the device. Single DNA molecules partially block the nanopores, changing the current for that specific DNA sequence and allowing them to be identified.

The tests were set up to ensure that spaceflight conditions were the only variables in the experiment. The samples were prepared on Earth with organisms with known DNA sequences used to ensure scientists expected certain results.

Castro-Wallace said: “Onboard sequencing allows us on the ground to take appropriate action – do we need to clean this up right away, or will taking antibiotics help or not? We can resupply the station with disinfectants and antibiotics now, but once crews move beyond the station’s low Earth orbit, we need to know when to save those precious resources and when to use them.”