Marine creatures get a pounding

Antarctic worms, sea spiders, urchins and other marine creatures living in near-shore shallow habitats don’t have the easiest life – they are regularly pounded by icebergs. However new data suggests this could get even worse.

Sea spider

Due to an increase in the number of icebergs scouring the seabed as a result of shrinking winter sea ice, scientists at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), think the environment along the Antarctic Peninsula is going to get hit more frequently. 

Dr Dan Smale from BAS, said: “During years with a long sea ice season of eight months or so, the disturbance rates were really low, whereas in poor sea ice years the seabed was pounded by ice for most of the year. This is because icebergs are locked into position by winter sea ice, so they are not free to get pushed around by winds and tides until they crash into the seabed.”

The team show how the rate of iceberg scouring on the West Antarctic Peninsula seabed is affected by the duration of winter sea ice, which has dramatically declined (in space and time) in the region over the last few decades due to climate warming. This increase in iceberg disturbance on the seabed, where the majority of all Antarctic life occurs, could have severe effects on the marine creatures living as deep as 500m underwater.

“It has been suggested previously that iceberg disturbance rates may be controlled by the formation of winter sea ice, but nobody’s been able to go out and measure it before. We were surprised to see how strong the relationship between the two factors is,” said Dr Smale.

By using grids of small concrete markers on the seabed at three different depths for five years, BAS SCUBA divers were able to determine the frequency of iceberg scour by counting the number of damaged or destroyed markers annually.

It has been noted that Iceberg scouring damages areas of the seabed creating space for a high diversity of animals to use. However, an increase in iceberg scour with the seabed would affect the type and number of marine creatures found on the seabed and may cause changes in the distributions of key species.