We all love a good laugh - even the great apes
6 Jul 2009 by Evoluted New Media
Human laughter can be traced back 10-16 million years to the last common ancestor of humans and great apes, according to new research.
Human laughter can be traced back 10-16 million years to the last common ancestor of humans and great apes, according to new research.
Dr Marina Davila Ross, a primatologist of the psychology department at the University of Portsmouth, reconstructed the origins of human laughter by mapping the laughter sounds of great apes and humans on an evolutionary tree. She took over 800 acoustic recordings from 22 juvenile and infant apes and three human babies while their palms, feet, necks and armpits were being tickled.
Dr Davila Ross said: “Our results on laughter indicate it’s pre-human basis. It is likely that great apes use laughter sounds to interact in similar ways to humans.”
The study compared the laughter sounds of all four great ape species and acoustically analysed and compared them to human laughter. Despite acoustic differences between ape and human laughter the results prove laughter is not a uniquely human trait.
The similarities and differences in patterns of laughter sounds in orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans correspond closely to the relationships between the species shown in well-established evolutionary trees worked out according to genetics – providing strong evidence that laughter in great apes and humans has its origins with our evolutionary ancestors.
Despite the differences in great ape and human laughter the study also found an unexpected similarity. Gorillas and bonobos are able to make laughter sounds while breathing out for three-four times longer than their normal breathing cycle which was unexpected and shows they have some control of their breathing. Dr Davila Ross said this ability was thought to be unique to humans and to have played an important role in the evolution of speech.
Dr Ross says that the study proves that laughter evolved gradually over the last ten to 16 million years of primate evolutionary history. Human laughter is nonetheless clearly distinct from the laughter of great apes because evolutionary changes have been more rapid in the last five million years.
